BC GENOMICS
Saved by @Davidtldr

Genomics Thread #6

Let's talk about liquid biopsies...

 1/ A liquid biopsy is usually a blood-based test that can detect cancer.

How?

By detecting either CTC (circulating tumor cells) or ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA). In some studies, ctDNA has been shown to have 100x the concentration as CTC though.
2/ So why is this important?

Well, the standard of care is tissue biopsies. Doctors lop off a piece of the potentially cancerous area (a chunk of your lung for lung cancer for instance) to verify if cancer exists.

However, tissue biopsies are inferior in a few ways...
3/

1. For one, there are more complications. Lung biopsies had a 19% complication rate.

2. They are also expensive, costing nearly $15,000 for each one.

3. They leave a scar and require a surgery

4. It takes a while to get the results

5. Not a lot of tissue can be retrieved
4/ On the other hand, liquid biopsies only require a vial of blood. These genetic tests can profile dozens of genes and determine whether a tumor is malignant.

The main players that already have an approved test are Guardant Health and Foundation Medicine (owned by Roche).
5/ However, many companies are jumping into this space. Because Guardant's LUNAR assay may detect colorectal cancer, Exact Sciences bought Thrive recently for nearly $2.2 billion.

Invitae also bought ArcherDx recently to be competitive.
6/ Guardant Health (GH) has two commercial products, Guardant360 (the world's leading liquid biopsy) and GuardantOMNI for biopharma customers. And two more pipeline products (LUNAR 1 and 2)

Currently, most of the testing is done for NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer).
7/ Another advantage is that biopharma customers can easily do more testing to see whether their gene therapies are working and if the ctDNA is now less concentrated. That's not really feasible with tissue biopsies.
8/ While Guardant is approved for NSCLC, it is currently trying to use its test for other types of cancer.

To be clear, liquid biopsies won't completely replace tissue biopsies yet. However, there will likely be a "liquid-first paradigm."

If positive, then no need for tissue.
9/ But if negative through the liquid biopsy, there will likely be a tissue biopsy to ensure the diagnosis.

That's not to say liquid biopsies aren't accurate. They are. It's just that very early stage cancer can have very low concentrations of ctDNA.
10/ Besides Guardant, Roche's Foundation Medicine has a diagnostic for prostate cancer or NSCLC patients who might benefit from immunotherapy.

https://t.co/mpOhGNNLtp

I wouldn't be surprised to see A LOT of new developments in this space in the next few years.
End/ Natera is also working on a liquid biopsy as well as Illumina-owned GRAIL.

In other words, there is a lot of competition but the prize is huge.

Liquid biopsies will enable faster drug production through clinical trials and detect cancer much earlier.

You May Also Like

Noah Smith
Noah Smith
@Noahpinion
Met a Brazilian-American Lyft driver from San Diego who passionately attacked the racism of Republicans, then switched to passionately defending Bolsonaro.

If I were Thomas Friedman, I could tell you what this means.

Met a Haitian-American in a restaurant who said he'd always vote for Democrats because of the immigration issue, but that he has conservative beliefs too. "I don't want to pay for someone's abortion!", he declared.

Met a Latino Lyft driver from San Jose who said that while he was liberal, California was getting too liberal for him and he was considering moving to San Antonio.

Again, not being Tom Friedman, I am unable to offer any commentary on the political and policy implications of these conversations.

I guess my only thought is that political opinions are pretty complex and multidimensional, out there in the real world.

(end)
POLITICS
Ranvijay Singh\U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3
Ranvijay Singh🇮🇳...
@ranvijayT90
#Thread Two divine forms of Khatu Shyam ji...


On the day of Amavasya, devotees get the darshan of Shyam Baba in Shyam varan (black color). In ordinary days, the form of Baba is saffron. The reason for this is a custom. The real head of Shyam Baba which had appeared from Shyam Kund is of Shyam varan.


Every day Shyam Baba's grand Shringar is done by Pujaris. The main part of Shyam Baba's shringar is Tilak. This Shringar is done by the members of Nij Mandir sevaks. The sevaks of the Nij Mandir do sandalwood tilak to Baba everyday in the auspicious time.


This Divine Tilak is applied from the forehead to the nose. When Baba is given a bath by sevaks, this tilak comes off. Then in the auspicious time, the sevaks again apply tilak to Baba.


There is no auspicious time on the Amavasya. Because of this, tilak is not done on that day. That's why devotees have darshan of Shyam Baba on the Amavasya only in the actual real form (Shyam Swaroop). Baba's tilak is done on Amavasya only on the day of Deepawali.
ALL
Advertisement
Anshul Pandey
Anshul Pandey
@Anshulspiritual
IMPORTANCE, ADVANTAGES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BHAGWAT PURAN

It was Ved Vyas who edited the eighteen thousand shlokas of Bhagwat. This book destroys all your sins. It has twelve parts which are like kalpvraksh.

In the first skandh, the importance of Vedvyas


and characters of Pandavas are described by the dialogues between Suutji and Shaunakji. Then there is the story of Parikshit.
Next there is a Brahm Narad dialogue describing the avtaar of Bhagwan. Then the characteristics of Puraan are mentioned.

It also discusses the evolution of universe.( https://t.co/2aK1AZSC79 )

Next is the portrayal of Vidur and his dialogue with Maitreyji. Then there is a mention of Creation of universe by Brahma and the preachings of Sankhya by Kapil Muni.


In the next section we find the portrayal of Sati, Dhruv, Pruthu, and the story of ancient King, Bahirshi.
In the next section we find the character of King Priyavrat and his sons, different types of loks in this universe, and description of Narak. ( https://t.co/gmDTkLktKS )


In the sixth part we find the portrayal of Ajaamil ( https://t.co/LdVSSNspa2 ), Daksh and the birth of Marudgans( https://t.co/tecNidVckj )

In the seventh section we find the story of Prahlad and the description of Varnashram dharma. This section is based on karma vaasna.
RELIGION
Anshul Pandey
Anshul Pandey
@Anshulspiritual
STORY OF PURANAS AND SUB PURANA (उप पुराण).

We have already gone through the series on importance & characteristics of all the eighteen Purans. We also know that originally there were hundred crore shlokas but were divided by Vyas in each Kalp and was compiled as eighteen Purans


for the common people to understand it properly and now their total is about four lakhs.

In Brahm Puran, Brahma preached this to Marichi. So this Puran of ten thousand shlokas is called Brahm Puran.

In Padma Puran, the base of the story is the appearance of Brahma on a lotus(Padm) from Vishnu' s navel.This has fifty five thousand shlokas.

Vishnu Puran is primarily based in Varah kalp. This book is on Vishnu and this book has twenty three thousand shlokas.

Vaayu Puran is written in Shwet Kalp and has twenty four thousand shlokas. Here Vayudev preaches about Dharma.

In Bhagwat Puran, which is written with the base of Gayatri mantra describes Dharma extensively. It has 18000 shlokas. It also mentions the story of Vritrasur.

In Narad Puran, which has twenty five thousand shlokas, is a sermon on Dharma by Narad based in Brihad Kalp.

Markandeya Puran has nine thousand shlokas and here it is through the birds that Dharma is described.
RELIGION
John Myles White
John Myles White
@johnmyleswhite
This post is pretty bizarre, but it manages to hit on so many false beliefs that I've seen hurt junior data scientists that it deserves some explicit

(1) The notion that R is well-suited to "building web applications" seems totally out of left field. I don't feel like most R loyalists think this is a good idea, but it's worth calling out that no normal company will be glad you wrote your entire web app in R.

(2) It is true that Python had some issues historically with the 2-to-3 transition, but it's not such a big deal these days. On the flip side, I have found interesting R code that doesn't run in modern R interpreters because of changes in core operations (e.g. assignment syntax).

(3) "Most of the time we only need a latest, working interpreter with the latest packages to run the code" -- this is where things get real and reveal some things that hurt data scientists. If this sentence is true, it's likely because you don't share code with coworkers.

(3) Really is a broader issue in data science: people only think of what they need to do their work if no one else existed and code was never maintained. Junior data scientists almost always operate on projects they start from scratch and don't have to maintain for long.
DATA SCIENCE