BC CULTURE
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Musicians and their constant battle with substance abuse: A [thread] of studies & findings on the subject 👇

 45% of UK musicians reported issues with alcohol. "Entertainers experienced performance-related incentives to drink before, during and/or after a show; including anxiety, matching their intoxication level to the audience’s, and ‘reward-drinking’"

(Forsyth, et. al. 2016)
One study of 226 musicians in New York State found that substance use was “markedly elevated compared to general population samples”

(Miller & Quigley, 2011, p. 401)
One study of 168 significant and famous jazz musicians found that their mean age at death was only 57.2 years.

(Patalano, 2000)
One study of the autobiographies of rock musicians reported that 62% contained a description of the artist’s personal addiction story. (Oksanen, 2013)

Also, the confessional recovery memoir is now an established and popular genre. (Oksanen, 2013; Forsyth, Lennox & Emslie, 2016)
In one study of established European and North American pop and rock stars, they experienced double the mortality rates of the average population and over one quarter of the sample died from drug and alcohol problems. (Bellis, et al. 2007)
A study of top 10 singles across various years in 1981-2011 showed that 18.5% referred to alcohol within the song and 12% referred to heavy drinking. Up to 3.0% of songs contained *branded alcohol references*. (Bellis, et al. 2007)
Drugs have been employed in a number of ways by musicians to assist creativity and imagination: cocaine and amphetamines have been employed to increase energy levels, creativity and focus. (Groce, 1991; Trynka, 2011)
Heroin was the drug of choice for creative inspiration by bebop musicians (Spunt, 2014; Tolson & Cuyjet, 2007)

Alcohol and marijuana have been employed to relieve creative anxiety or lack of confidence (Belli, 2009; Groce, 1991)

BUT 👇
Most scientific experiments into drugs and alcohol have found that in large doses it generally has a NEGATIVE IMPACT on creative productivity. So the belief that substance abuse helps or increases creativity is unscientific and mistaken. (O’Dair, 2016)
Artists usually believe that they get one shot at realising their dreams, they’re going to give it a damn good shot, and if drugs and alcohol are going to help them get there, then that’s what they’re going to do. (Just et al., 2016)
In certain professional groups of classical musicians, approximately one quarter use beta blockers to control their performance anxiety (Lehmann, Sloboda & Woody, 2007).

Some are known to self-medicate using marijuana and alcohol (Roland, 1994)
Long term, heavy drug use can result in artists becoming more and more isolated and antisocial. (Knafo, 2008)
Over many decades, record companies have routinely facilitated drug use among artists as part of their artist relations support. Some examples 👇:

Atlantic Records in the late 1960s was supplying marijuana and cocaine to artists, disc jockeys and journalists (Goodman, 1997)
A&M supplied hash brownies, alcohol, marijuana and mescaline to artists (Goodman, 1997)

Casablanca Records, LA had a large drug budget, the office was filled with people chopping cocaine. with visits from a woman who took their drug order for the next day (Dannen, 1990)
The subcultural identity involving drugs and alcohol that musicians are forced to embrace & espouse when in public eye (Ward & Burns, 2000)👇

Hip hop subcultural identity brought a harder, rougher, more criminal edge, with street drug dealing a big fixture (Singer & Mirhej 2006)
“Heroin was our badge….the thing that made us different from the rest of the world. It [said], ‘We know. You don’t know.’ It [gave] us membership in a unique club, and [for which] we gave up everything else in the world.” — Bebop trumpeter Red Rodney (Ward & Burns 2000, p. 358)
Are you really sure you want to support an industry that FORCES people working in it to make their lives revolve around alcohol and drugs, causing numerous diseases & lowering of avg. life expectancy of the musicians themselves? Just for your entertainment?

Think well. ✌️

/fin

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Think of the story of monarchy and its relationship to the Church: the Church affirms that the monarch (and the aristocracy) was chosen by God ("dieu et mon droit") and the monarchy reciprocates by giving the Church moral and economic power within the kingdom.

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on a very basic level it is astounding to me that seemingly half the country is hooked on the adventures of The Vision & Scarlet Witch, whose last series together was a precise contemporary of Watchmen and The Dark Knight Returns, and which was quarter box fodder for decades

in hindsight, of course, the idea of framing a superhero story as a suburban dramedy seems novel and fresh to people, but that’s only because other people spent literally three and a half decades sleeping on it


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it's a comfort food thing. takes me back to my ill spent youth.

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I've had an untold number of abusive bosses over the years (I speak primarily of before I became a screenwriter.)

A large number. Same is true of teachers, instructors and coaches. I had those before I ever had abusive bosses. 1)

2) I've also lost jobs when it was clear I wouldn't put up with a abuse, or wasn't hired when it seemed like I wouldn't take shit. I interviewed for an assistant manager position in a business in Union Square eons ago. The manager looked at my resume, then looked at me, and said,

3) "it says here you've done a lot of martial arts, and you're a black belt. That worries me," he said. "The owner of this establishment is a former football player. He likes to throw his weight around. You don't look like someone who'd be okay with him screaming at you."

4) He screams at his employees? I asked.

"Among other things," he said. "He's a big guy, he might challenge you to step outside, if he doesn't like the look on your face. How would you respond to that, since you're a black belt?"

"I'd probably call the police, first," I said.

5) I didn't get the job. This wasn't the only time. There were other times I DID have a job & my employer vetted me, knew I needed the job, knew I'd be homeless without out it, I had no family or resources to fall back on.

And proceeded to torture and torment me as a result.
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Colonies were a vexed subject when #AdamSmith was writing, and they’re even more complicated now. So, before we even get to the tweeting, here’s a link to that thread on Smith and “savage nations.” (IV.vii) #WealthOfTweets


The reason for the ancient Greeks and Romans to settle colonies was straightforward: they didn’t have enough space for their growing populations. Their colonies were treated as “emancipated children”—connected but independent. (IV.vii.a.2) #WealthOfTweets #SmithTweets

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