“How do you know?”
You never know!

In investing, you have to act on incomplete knowledge.

I came across a great article by @honam lately.

In it, he discusses his decision-making under the condition of an unknowable future.

I think the learnings are worth sharing 👇🏼

“The truth is, in the beginning, we never knew how things would turn out.” - Ho Nam

When you analyze a company, you (hopefully) come up with an investment thesis at the end.

But it’s nothing more than that - a thesis.
The future is yet unwritten thus unknown.
Sequoia’s Mike Moritz has beautifully described an initial investment as a “giant step into the unknown.”

That’s why your work isn’t done after the decision to buy.
Investing is a journey.

You have to reevaluate your investments constantly.
Ho Nam’s article offers four questions (we’ll discuss three) that can help you do that and decide whether you should hold, sell, or double down.

Although they’re primarily VC (Venture Capital) focused, I believe we can all learn something from them.
1. Does the company generate cash?

Especially in the VC world, but also with bigger and more established companies, it’s not a given companies make money.

There’s a tendency to overpay for vision and underpay for value at the moment.

But Cash-Flow is a form of safety.
Companies that make money survive bad times when companies that don’t die.

“Difficult times are when the best companies separate from the pack.”
Learning:

First, look for what’s already there (Cash-Flow, etc.) and only afterward think about what ‘might’ can be built on that in the future.
2. What is the moat/competitive advantage?

Every attractive long-term option has to have something that makes it unique, inimitable.

No matter how good the profits or cash-flows are, if nothing protects them, it’s just a matter of time that they’ll vanish.
Learning:

Look for structures (positive feedback loops, a mission-driven culture, etc.) that give the company a long-term advantage.

Especially young companies only survive if they offer something others don’t.
3. How much liquidity do you need / How much liquidity do you want?

This third point is primarily important to figure out when to exit.

After the company got successful, new liquidity has to flow into the company (higher salaries, more employees, more projects).
But when the time comes that the amount of liquidity the company “wants” not “needs” exceeds a certain level, it might be time to call the day and make an exit.

This last point is probably not very practical for most of us (who are not in the VC business).
Yet, I find it interesting how meaningful the relationship and “personal connection” between investors and companies are.

At least for Altos. (The company Ho Nam Co-founded and works for as a Managing Director)
Learning:

If the relationship between stakeholders/investors and the management starts to shake, it might be time to call it an end.

Same or at least similar priorities are important.
If you liked this thread, I would appreciate your support by Liking, Retweeting, or Commenting on it.

For more content like this, feel free to follow me @MnkeDaniel

Here’s the original Article by @honam:
https://t.co/f34Wg4BMXN
If you’re interested in another quick and very informative read, check out this article by @joshtarasoff :

https://t.co/W1uq4pQOUY
People who might find this interesting:

@realdennishong
@heymaxkoh
@ValueInvestorAc
@DividendGrowth
@daniel_toloko
@Invesquotes
@yliownyc
@EugeneNg_VCap
@LiviamCapital

More from Daniel

More from All

कुंडली में 12 भाव होते हैं। कैसे ज्योतिष द्वारा रोग के आंकलन करते समय कुंडली के विभिन्न भावों से गणना करते हैं आज इस पर चर्चा करेंगे।
कुण्डली को कालपुरुष की संज्ञा देकर इसमें शरीर के अंगों को स्थापित कर उनसे रोग, रोगेश, रोग को बढ़ाने घटाने वाले ग्रह


रोग की स्थिति में उत्प्रेरक का कार्य करने वाले ग्रह, आयुर्वेदिक/ऐलोपैथी/होमियोपैथी में से कौन कारगर होगा इसका आँकलन, रक्त विकार, रक्त और आपरेशन की स्थिति, कौन सा आंतरिक या बाहरी अंग प्रभावित होगा इत्यादि गणना करने में कुंडली का प्रयोग किया जाता है।


मेडिकल ज्योतिष में आज के समय में Dr. K. S. Charak का नाम निर्विवाद रूप से प्रथम स्थान रखता है। उनकी लिखी कई पुस्तकें आज इस क्षेत्र में नए ज्योतिषों का मार्गदर्शन कर रही हैं।
प्रथम भाव -
इस भाव से हम व्यक्ति की रोगप्रतिरोधक क्षमता, सिर, मष्तिस्क का विचार करते हैं।


द्वितीय भाव-
दाहिना नेत्र, मुख, वाणी, नाक, गर्दन व गले के ऊपरी भाग का विचार होता है।
तृतीय भाव-
अस्थि, गला,कान, हाथ, कंधे व छाती के आंतरिक अंगों का शुरुआती भाग इत्यादि।

चतुर्थ भाव- छाती व इसके आंतरिक अंग, जातक की मानसिक स्थिति/प्रकृति, स्तन आदि की गणना की जाती है


पंचम भाव-
जातक की बुद्धि व उसकी तीव्रता,पीठ, पसलियां,पेट, हृदय की स्थिति आंकलन में प्रयोग होता है।

षष्ठ भाव-
रोग भाव कहा जाता है। कुंडली मे इसके तत्कालिक भाव स्वामी, कालपुरुष कुंडली के स्वामी, दृष्टि संबंध, रोगेश की स्थिति, रोगेश के नक्षत्र औऱ रोगेश व भाव की डिग्री इत्यादि।

You May Also Like

Assalam Alaiki dear Sister in Islam. I hope this meets you well. Hope you are keeping safe in this pandemic. May Allah preserve you and your beloved family. I would like to address the misconception and misinterpretation in your thread. Please peruse the THREAD below.


1. First off, a disclaimer. Should you feel hurt by my words in the course of the thread, then forgive me. It’s from me and not from Islam. And I probably have to improve on my delivery. And I may not quote you verbatim, but the intended meaning would be there. Thank You!

2. Standing on Imam Shafii’s quote: “And I never debated anyone but that I did not mind whether Allah clarified the truth on my tongue or his tongue” or “I never once debated anyone hoping to win the debate; rather I always wished that the truth would come from his side.”

3. Okay, into the meat (my love for meat is showing. Lol) of the thread. Even though you didn’t mention the verse that permitted polygamy, everyone knows the verse you were talking about (Q4:3).


4. Your reasons for the revelation of the verse are strange. The first time I came across such. I had to quickly consult the books on the exegeses or tafsir of the Quran written by renowned specialists!
Recently, the @CNIL issued a decision regarding the GDPR compliance of an unknown French adtech company named "Vectaury". It may seem like small fry, but the decision has potential wide-ranging impacts for Google, the IAB framework, and today's adtech. It's thread time! 👇

It's all in French, but if you're up for it you can read:
• Their blog post (lacks the most interesting details):
https://t.co/PHkDcOT1hy
• Their high-level legal decision: https://t.co/hwpiEvjodt
• The full notification: https://t.co/QQB7rfynha

I've read it so you needn't!

Vectaury was collecting geolocation data in order to create profiles (eg. people who often go to this or that type of shop) so as to power ad targeting. They operate through embedded SDKs and ad bidding, making them invisible to users.

The @CNIL notes that profiling based off of geolocation presents particular risks since it reveals people's movements and habits. As risky, the processing requires consent — this will be the heart of their assessment.

Interesting point: they justify the decision in part because of how many people COULD be targeted in this way (rather than how many have — though they note that too). Because it's on a phone, and many have phones, it is considered large-scale processing no matter what.