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THREAD: What is Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle and how it impacts India?

Golden Crescent region of South Asia - comprises of Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan - which is a principal global site for opium production and distribution.

 Golden Triangle is the area where the borders of Thailand, Laos and Myanmar meet at the confluence of the Ruak and Mekong rivers. The Golden Triangle is called so because of the triangular shape formed by the locations of New Delhi, Agra and Rajasthan on a map.
India is wedged bw world’s 2 largest areas of illicit opium production, Golden Crescent & Golden Triangle, that has made Indian borders vulnerable to drug trafficking. It flows from 2 fronts, NW & NE, that possesses dual concern - violation of border & threat to national security
- Golden Crescent is world’s leading opium and cannabis producing region since 1983.

- Its proximity to Indo-Pak border has worsened the trafficking of hashish and heroin into Indian soil

- Trafficking happens through the border states of J&K, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
- Golden Triangle is leading opium producing region of the South-east Asia, also an ancient narcotics supply route to North America & Europe.

- Myanmar-Northeast nexus is recognized by NCB as the root of heroin & chemical drugs

- Myanmar produces 80% of heroin produced in world
- After production, its trafficked mainly to US & European countries through China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos & India

- Due to increased surveillance & frequent crackdowns on cartels in various part of SE Asian countries, India has been chosen by drug smugglers as the exit gateway
- Dimapur Nagaland, Champai Mizoram, Moreh Manipur, Guwahati Assam have become hubs for trafficking in North East.

- Diverse topography, high mountains, rivers, dense rainforests provides numerous hideouts to the smugglers, and security forces cannot respond to criminal
attempts expeditiously due to inefficient connectivity and transport.

- Also, rising nexus between the local ethnic insurgent groups & criminals across the border have developed into a potent threat of narco-terrorism that challenges India’s national security.
- Funds raised from drug trafficking is used for smuggling of arms.
Narco-terrorism has not only developed a social security threat for India, but also dragged attentions of global communities, since trade happens in hard cash, & it becomes very difficult for security agencies
to collect evidences against criminal, due to lack of paper work. Further, dark web, crypto currency are also used for trafficking

- Influx of narco-trade money leads to laundering, inflation, corruption, which not only causes terr0rism, political instability but also deter FDI.
In 2019, PM Modi said, “When our neighbor could not succeed in its nefarious designs by sending terrorists and weapons, it hatched a conspiracy to smuggle drugs into our country to destroy our youth.”
In 2018, Punjab CM Amarinder Singh, said, “Pakistan has a long-term plan of destroying our youth. They are trying to demolish youth along the border.” He was referring to seizures of hundreds of kgs of drugs in Gujarat, and J&K that, according to him, were intended for Punjab
- Most recently, massive anti-drugs operation happened in Assam, where NCB and Central agencies seized narcotic substances worth ₹170 crore. It is Southeast Asia’s main opium-producing region and one of the oldest narcotics supply routes to Europe and North America.
- As several NE states share borders Myanmar, it is easy to smuggle drugs from the region to India through these states.
- Assam CM @himantabiswa drove a road roller on 1000s of bottles of illegal cough syrups. The CM also set fire to seized drugs worth crores in an event.
As per AIIMS 2019 study on Magnitude of Substance Use in India:

- About 2.8% of Indians aged 10-75 years (3.1 crore individuals) are current users of any cannabis product, which is predominantly men.
Drug usage variations across the states:

- In eastern & NE states, illegal cannabis products (ganja/charas) are used by a larger proportion of people as compared to bhang.
- States with higher than national prevalence of cannabis use are UP, Punjab, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh & Delhi.
The epidemic of substance abuse in young generation has assumed alarming dimensions. Changing cultural values, increasing economic stress & dwindling supportive bonds are leading to initiation into substance use.

Drugs take you to hell, disguised as heaven !

#MakeIndiaDrugFree

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She joined the freedom struggle in the present-day Northeast India. Today, her struggle is lost in history as most of her countrymen wouldn’t even have heard her name. B'coz our history textbooks tell us that only Mahatma Gandhi &Pandit Nehru got India its Independence.


At 16 yrs of age, this valiant girl was sentenced to life imprisonment for leading a movement to drive out the colonial rulers from Manipur and Nagaland. Nevertheless, she was released in 1947 after India’s independence and was given the title ,"Rani of Nagas".


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Gaidinliu belonged to the Rongmei clan of the Zeliangrong tribe in the Tamenglong district of western Manipur. Born on January 26, 1915, she was fifth among eight children.


Her native village was Nungkao, which is present day Tamenglong distt. Brought up in a specially backward region,she couldn't receive any formal education. However,this didn't stop her from joining the freedom struggle. At the age of 10 she came under the influence of her cousin.
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Sarvaripati Shiva is one of the most fearsome manifestations of Mahadev. Assigned with destroying all of the universes at the end of time, Shiva is one of the most fearsome warriors. He is the Mrityunjaya.
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TRISHULA: the 3 pointed blades denote creation, maintenance, and destruction or the 3 Kalas – Past, Present and Future. They also represent 3 Gunas – Sattva, Rajas and Tamas).
Shiva’s trishul can only be stopped by Shiva himself.
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Trishul is also said to represent Ida, Pingala, and Sushumna. These are the three basic nadis – the left, the right and the central – in the pranamaya kosha, or the energy body of the human system.
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PARASHU: axe with 4 cutting edges which Shiva gave to Parashurama. In his anger, Parashurama used the parashu to get rid of the all the Earth’s tyrannical kshatriya caste twenty-one times over.
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CHANDRAHASA SWORD: The divine sword Chandrahasa literally means ‘the laughter of the moon’. Ravana gave this sword to Indrajit on different occasions especially to fight against Devas.
GIRISH: A special sword of Shiva with unique characteristics.
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Timur Lang, was the founder of Timurid Empire. He was born in April 1336 CE, somewhere in central asia.


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Timur Lang decided to invade India in 1398 as he heard about India's splendid wealth and had a desire to conquer India which his ancestor Genghis Khan couldn't do.


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Iqbal Khan secured his hold on Delhi under Muhammad Tughluq after Firoz Shah died.
Timur provided the required back-up to his grandson with 100000 men approx. Timur sacked and plundered all the cities coming in his way &later in October 1398 reunited with his grandson.
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Another $7 Trillion will be spent in the next 9 years!

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In FY23(until October 2022), 4,060 km of NHs/roads were constructed, which was around 91 per cent of the achievement in the corresponding period of the previous financial year

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The ambition is to take the rate of daily highway construction in India to 100km per day

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Samayapuram Mariamman Temple is located in Samayapuram of
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