Hot take: optics are better abstraction than lenses, in *all* use cases. Why? They make explicit all the things you're implicitly thinking about anyway when using lenses. I think they are really important in shaping how we think about bidirectional maps. A short thread. 👇 1/9

Optics make explicit 1) the internal state (residual) and 2) the fact that you need to have the base category either be Cartesian, or at the very least have the "get" maps be comonoid homomorphisms. Let's look at the state/residual.
2/9
In lenses, this state is always the same as the input and is implicit. This can be seen by repackaging the get map from get: X → Y to Δₓ;(get×X):X e→ Y×X. Now our new get map (in addition to computing the output) passes through the input. This is good for a few reasons. 3/9
First, this pleasantly symmetric with the put:X×Y'→X'. But also, this new map is now exactly the "left" map of an optic too. (It turns out put was all along the "right" map). This tells us that the passed-through input is actually the state we're remembering. 4/9
But most importantly, this formulation is now explicit in the use of the copy map Δₓ:X → X×X, which you might have not realized is needed if you were just thinking about the standard get-put formulation. Furthermore, when you were composing lenses, ... 5/9
the formulation of the composite of the put maps was always much more complex than get maps. But now it's obvious why you needed to do that: you were juggling the internal state/residual around, because it had to agree with the input. 6/9
But you don't need to do that with optics (and that's the whole idea): you can *choose* the internal state you want.
With lenses you're using a specific state anyway, but you aren't given the conceptual tools to talk about it.
But let's stop here and see what we've done. 7/9
Observe that we didn't really "add" any complexity so far. All we've done is distilled what was already there and gave it a name. That's the whole idea behind of a lot of category theory. 8/9
Now, we still have to pack up this new construction and be precise in its definition. That's exactly what the coend in the optic definition does. It might even look scary, but it turns out the coend is saying some incredibly natural things. But that's for some other time. 9/9
References:
Optics: https://t.co/nWBhDR0Hut
Generalized Lens Categories: https://t.co/C0gB06B9DE
Also, this perspective was first shared with me here: https://t.co/ThvRcV2j3t
Also, I should add a caveat that I'm not necessarily talking about *mixed* optics. These seem like a complex beast that I don't yet understand fully.

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Before we get too far into 2021, I thought I’d write a thread recapping some of the research that came out of my lab in 2020. Most of this work was led by my talented team of graduate students, Kerrianne Morrison, @kmdebrabander, and @DesiRJones.

Back in January, a news story was published about Kerrianne’s study showing improved social interaction outcomes for autistic adults when paired with another autistic partner.

A detailed thread about the study and a link to the paper can be found here (feel free to DM me your email address if you’d like a copy of the full paper for this study or any of our studies):


Another paper published early in 2020 (it appeared a few months earlier online) showed that traditional standalone tasks of social cognition are less predictive of functional and social skills among autistic adults than commonly assumed in autism research.


Next, @kmdebrabander led and published an innovative study about how well autistic and non-autistic adults can predict their own cognitive and social cognitive performance.

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Fake chats claiming to be from the Irish African community are being disseminated by the far right in order to suggest that violence is imminent from #BLM supporters. This is straight out of the QAnon and Proud Boys playbook. Spread the word. Protest safely. #georgenkencho


There is co-ordination across the far right in Ireland now to stir both left and right in the hopes of creating a race war. Think critically! Fascists see the tragic killing of #georgenkencho, the grief of his community and pending investigation as a flashpoint for action.


Across Telegram, Twitter and Facebook disinformation is being peddled on the back of these tragic events. From false photographs to the tactics ofwhite supremacy, the far right is clumsily trying to drive hate against minority groups and figureheads.


Declan Ganley’s Burkean group and the incel wing of National Party (Gearóid Murphy, Mick O’Keeffe & Co.) as well as all the usuals are concerted in their efforts to demonstrate their white supremacist cred. The quiet parts are today being said out loud.


The best thing you can do is challenge disinformation and report posts where engagement isn’t appropriate. Many of these are blatantly racist posts designed to drive recruitment to NP and other Nationalist groups. By all means protest but stay safe.