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1 GOs don't require the use of images. From my reading, DCT is about the use of images paired with words, to aid retrieval. And as @olivcav has pointed out, Pavio worked with simple ideas and concepts.

 2 Most of the research into GOs appears to be unhelpful. Hattie lumped all visual strategies together and reported his finding under the heading, concept maps.
3 Fiorella and Mayer, in LaGA, report that mapping, while having a medium-to-high effect size, also take a long time to complete and are difficult to construct.
4 Both studies appear to concentrate on concept maps and in doing so, omit 30+ other GOs. All of which, I argue, are less complicated to read and construct. Skipping over all GOs, to begin with concept maps, is like a ballerina being introduced to pirouettes before a plie.
5 In my opinion, Fiorella and Mayer’s boundary conditions of time and difficulty to construct, are nonsense.
6 Most teachers I speak to, consider CLT, the learning propensities of their students and their student's prior experiences of using GOs to decide how much scaffolding and modelling is required.
7 It's not that GOs are a fad or don't work. There is a case to be made that if teachers are to get the most out of using them they need to be shown how.
8 The word fad defines something short-lived. The British Philosopher, Bertrand Russell (1930s) suggested diagrams allow us to see the whole and it's parts simultaneously. Not that you can process everything, all at once, but that a diagram is a more efficient route to meaning.
9 In the 1970s British Neuroscientist, John O'Keefe discovered place cells in the hippocampus. Place cells track our place in space. A few decades later and two Norwegian scientists discovered grid cells in the entorhinal cortex.
10 Grid cells generate virtual maps of our surrounding environment. These studies won the Nobel Prize in 2014. There is a growing agreement between neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, linguists and psychologists, that the brain maps out ideas and memories like space.
11 https://t.co/Zrit7LcMM5
12 Why do place and grid cells matter? They help to explain the findings of Simon and Larkin in Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words. They proposed the notion of computational advantage, similar to Bertrand Russell’s earlier claims.
13 They also proposed the visuospatial argument. Information is spatially arranged and as a result, the information required to make inferences is present and explicit.
14 A reader of linear prose would have to navigate complex syntax to make such inferences. This, while draining their limited cognitive bandwidth.
15 A GO is a tool we can use in our External Memory Field. Supported by Sweller’s recent CLT and the inclusion of embodied cognition, Merlin Donald’s notion on an EXMF allows us to organise our thoughts outside of the mind. By doing so, we mitigate the limitations of our WM.

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Cory Doctorow #BLM
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Today's Twitter threads (a Twitter thread).

Inside: Planet Money on HP's myriad ripoffs; Strength in numbers; and more!

Archived at: https://t.co/esjoT3u5Gr

#Pluralistic

1/


On Feb 22, I'm delivering a keynote address for the NISO Plus conference, "The day of the comet: what trustbusting means for digital manipulation."

https://t.co/Z84xicXhGg

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Planet Money on HP's myriad ripoffs: Ink-stained wretches of the world, unite!

https://t.co/k5ASdVUrC2

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Strength in numbers: The crisis in accounting.

https://t.co/DjfAfHWpNN

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#15yrsago Bad Samaritan family won’t return found expensive camera https://t.co/Rn9E5R1gtV

#10yrsago What does Libyan revolution mean for https://t.co/Jz28qHVhrV? https://t.co/dN1e4MxU4r

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Evil Saint
Evil Saint
@sanctemalum
8 rules the top play by that those at the bottom should adopt.

— Thread
(requested by followers)

1. Leverage

Most poor people don't leverage. Trying to get everything done yourself will limit you to only how much you can do.

Get more hands working for you, and find a way to pay or show them what's in it for them.

2. Trust

When doing business, poor people would require collateral from strangers, but excuse those close to them because they *trust* them.

That's how you get scammed.

The unspoken rule is to know your safety net whenever you're not taking collateral.

Never need to trust.

3. Morality

Never seen a very successful businessman say "This is not a good thing, it's evil."

It's either good for business or bad for business. Its either effective or ineffective.

Morality will only limit you.

4. Reciprocity

Expecting someone to help you because you helped them in the past is ludicrous.

If you're no longer useful to them, people have no reason to help you.

"Whenever you see water flowing upstream it means someone it repaying a kindness."

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Rob Henderson
Rob Henderson
@robkhenderson
The common understanding of propaganda is that it is intended to brainwash the masses. Supposedly, people get exposed to the same message repeatedly and over time come to believe in whatever nonsense authoritarians want them to believe /1

And yet authoritarians often broadcast silly, unpersuasive propaganda.

Political scientist Haifeng Huang writes that the purpose of propaganda is not to brainwash people, but to instill fear in them /2


When people are bombarded with propaganda everywhere they look, they are reminded of the strength of the regime.

The vast amount of resources authoritarians spend to display their message in every corner of the public square is a costly demonstration of their power /3

In fact, the overt silliness of authoritarian propaganda is part of the point. Propaganda is designed to be silly so that people can instantly recognize it when they see it


Propaganda is intended to instill fear in people, not brainwash them.

The message is: You might not believe in pro-regime values or attitudes. But we will make sure you are too frightened to do anything about it.
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Ooana Trien
Ooana Trien
@ooana
I shared this on my FB page and asked, can ya really blame him?

I was half kidding. I also assumed someone would think of what I did pretty quickly and waiting for the comment to mention what I assumed was obvious.

The timing. I was sure someone else had thought of it.


But no one did. 20+ comments in people discussed the morality or bad sense or libertarian perspectives. Someone even said I’m thinking about doing that. No one said what I thought was obvious. Have you thought of it? Is it obvious to you?

Here’s a clue...recognize it?


How about this?


The author discusses it with Mike Wallace in 1958
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The Reckoning \U0001f4a5
The Reckoning 💥...
@sethjlevy
1/ The reality is that when Boehner and McConnell joined the Democrats in 2010, to thwart the impact of the tea party, they broke trust with the base.
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Bezos' Razors:

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THE MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE AND HISTORY OF SWASTIK

The Swastik is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon. Swastik has been Sanatan Dharma’s symbol of auspiciousness – mangalya since time immemorial.


The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक, pronounced: swastik) &denotes “conducive to wellbeing or auspicious”.
The word Swastik has a definite etymological origin in Sanskrit. It is derived from the roots su – meaning “well or auspicious” & as meaning “being”.


"सु अस्ति येन तत स्वस्तिकं"
Swastik is de symbol through which everything auspicios occurs

Scholars believe word’s origin in Vedas,known as Swasti mantra;

"🕉स्वस्ति ना इन्द्रो वृधश्रवाहा
स्वस्ति ना पूषा विश्ववेदाहा
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स्वस्तिनो बृहस्पतिर्दधातु"


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The Swastika represents the living creation in the whole Cosmos.


Hindu astronomers divide the ecliptic circle of cosmos in 27 divisions called https://t.co/sLeuV1R2eQ this manner a cross forms in 4 directions in the celestial sky. At centre of this cross is Dhruva(Polestar). In a line from Dhruva, the stars known as Saptarishi can be observed.
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RAJA_PORUS
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1)King Porus was a famous Indian king, his real name was #Purushotama. He belonged to PURU tribe mentioned in #RIG_VEDA, the Ancient books of India.


2) Porus ruled the Punjab region and expanded his kingdom between the Jhelum River and Chenab River in the Indian Subcontinent. He was a legendary warrior and more war skills. He made the army most powerful with war skills. Even Alexander had also made difficulty to defeat Porus.

3)Word of Mouth Oral tradition in #Mohyal_Brahmin families since ancient times has kept the Great Saga of their Great Elder known to them as Maharaja “ #Puru” alive.

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So when it first appeared in Normandy, the Sherman Firefly and it's meaty 17 pounder represented an ideal combo of reliable chassis, great gun and devastating firepower right?

Ummm...

Truth is a bit more complex. /1
#WW2 #SWW #History


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Armoured Regiments mostly utilised Fireflies on a basis of 1 per troop of 4 tanks. /2


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Firefly's design history dated back to March 1943 when the General Staff published "Policy on Tanks" which effectively stated the majority of tanks should have a good HE weapon and...

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