There was no optimism in 1991 through 1996 on account of PV Narasimha Rao's reforms. Indian (crony) industry formed 'Bombay Club' to oppose pro-free market reforms. Unions were protesting in the streets. Harshad Mehta was scamming a fake bubble market. Inflation kept shooting.
1n

Congress did not rally behind 1991 reforms. A Congress intellectual now close to Nehru Darbar had floated the line that the reforms would serve India's 'Coca-Cola Class'. Media went to town over undisclosed IMF conditionalities. Congress lost elections in State after State. 2n
To foist the claim that the 1991 reforms "spread optimism and hope across India" is a travesty. Had there been "optimism and hope" then Congress would not have lost the 1996 Lok Sabha election. Such bogus claims can be made because public memory is short. 3n
Iirc @surjitbhalla wrote in defence of 1991 reforms and was quoted in NYT rubbishing the sly Congress campaign that PVNR's reforms would benefit only the 'Coca-Cola Class'. He was brutally lampooned by the same type who are now claiming there was "optimism and hope". 4n
The #LeftLiberal Commentariat and 1990s 'activist' types like Medha Patkar derided the 1991 reforms as "neo-liberalism". Some judges also picked up this term and used it liberally in badly written orders. Opedists hogged columns denouncing PVNR for short-selling #India 5n
'Paddy Clarke, Ha Ha Ha', by Roddy Doyle, won the Booker in 1993. Some days later, there was a tirade against 1991 reforms in one of Lutyens's leading papers (I forget which one) with the headline,
'Economic Reforms, Ha Ha Ha'
A bad pun, yes, but such is their intel calibre. 6n
"Optimism and hope across #India" after 1991 reforms.
The new #GreatIndianRopeTrick in town is opedists airbrushing history that is only 30 years old. Because the under-30 who crowd social media will fall for their trick and amplify their hogwash. 7n
https://t.co/1T7srkNIzG

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MDZS is laden with buddhist references. As a South Asian person, and history buff, it is so interesting to see how Buddhism, which originated from India, migrated, flourished & changed in the context of China. Here's some research (🙏🏼 @starkjeon for CN insight + citations)

1. LWJ’s sword Bichen ‘is likely an abbreviation for the term 躲避红尘 (duǒ bì hóng chén), which can be translated as such: 躲避: shunning or hiding away from 红尘 (worldly affairs; which is a buddhist teaching.) (
https://t.co/zF65W3roJe) (abbrev. TWX)

2. Sandu (三 毒), Jiang Cheng’s sword, refers to the three poisons (triviṣa) in Buddhism; desire (kāma-taṇhā), delusion (bhava-taṇhā) and hatred (vibhava-taṇhā).

These 3 poisons represent the roots of craving (tanha) and are the cause of Dukkha (suffering, pain) and thus result in rebirth.

Interesting that MXTX used this name for one of the characters who suffers, arguably, the worst of these three emotions.

3. The Qian kun purse “乾坤袋 (qián kūn dài) – can be called “Heaven and Earth” Pouch. In Buddhism, Maitreya (मैत्रेय) owns this to store items. It was believed that there was a mythical space inside the bag that could absorb the world.” (TWX)