Since a lot of my fellow Texans are going to apply for aid through @FEMA let’s talk about the agency and some of the barriers disaster survivors encounter and persisting program flaws.

First things first, @FEMA is part of the Department of Homeland Security. Here’s a blog I wrote about its history and shortcomings in how the agency is funded: https://t.co/l3MSztwbcz
Many people will be applying for Individual Assistance (IA), but past disasters have shown us that help isn’t evenly distributed and frequently struggles to reach those in deepest need. This unpacks some of the class bias in accepted/rejected apps:
https://t.co/qwtgexRGXm
Of course, there are racial dimensions to this as well:
https://t.co/vzALMlPApm
Documentation is seen as helping reduce fraud, but after a disaster many docs are destroyed. People who are denied assistance and appeal are often told to make small changes to the documents they provide or provide updated documentation b/c of how long the aid process takes.
Documentation requirements don’t take into account the various ways people, especially non-white folks who were denied access to traditional financial services, come into property. Proof of ownership for an heirship home that technically belongs to several people is complicated
A high documentation burden is, imo, part of our government’s disdain for the poorest among us - making folks jump through needless hoops to ensure that fraud isn’t being committed.
@FEMA is responsible for program design that is implemented by states. The programs they create, however, are better in theory than practice. A recent example of this is the STEPS program, a newish model for disaster recovery thought up by FEMA.
https://t.co/3WhR0NUuzN
In Texas, STEPS went by the name PREPS - its lack of oversight hurt laborers (wage theft) and survivors (some homes were riskier to live in than before). It was overseen by the @txglo (statewide land/recovery office led by @georgepbush).
Here’s how PREPS went in Houston
https://t.co/Qjf9zO3hMq
More on its Houston shortcomings:
https://t.co/QQyc0CyZoO
There are policy fixes to @FEMA and its programs to make it more effective and ensure a more #justrecovery for the increasing number of climate disaster survivors in the US state and territories.
For those changes to take place this country would need to respect science and honor the humanity of poor people and non-white people the way #mutualaid groups on the ground in Houston have shown.
The state has a role that simply cannot continue to be abdicated or half-assed in these climate crises.

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MDZS is laden with buddhist references. As a South Asian person, and history buff, it is so interesting to see how Buddhism, which originated from India, migrated, flourished & changed in the context of China. Here's some research (🙏🏼 @starkjeon for CN insight + citations)

1. LWJ’s sword Bichen ‘is likely an abbreviation for the term 躲避红尘 (duǒ bì hóng chén), which can be translated as such: 躲避: shunning or hiding away from 红尘 (worldly affairs; which is a buddhist teaching.) (
https://t.co/zF65W3roJe) (abbrev. TWX)

2. Sandu (三 毒), Jiang Cheng’s sword, refers to the three poisons (triviṣa) in Buddhism; desire (kāma-taṇhā), delusion (bhava-taṇhā) and hatred (vibhava-taṇhā).

These 3 poisons represent the roots of craving (tanha) and are the cause of Dukkha (suffering, pain) and thus result in rebirth.

Interesting that MXTX used this name for one of the characters who suffers, arguably, the worst of these three emotions.

3. The Qian kun purse “乾坤袋 (qián kūn dài) – can be called “Heaven and Earth” Pouch. In Buddhism, Maitreya (मैत्रेय) owns this to store items. It was believed that there was a mythical space inside the bag that could absorb the world.” (TWX)
https://t.co/6cRR2B3jBE
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.

https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d


Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.


...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.


Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.