Financial historian Russell Napier has been forecasting deflation for decades, but recent events have caused him to change his mind.

He now predicts a sustained period of higher inflation.

This thread, drawing on his recent interview with @RonStoeferle & @JilNik, explains why👇

1/ Recent debate on inflation has focussed on the impact of short-term phenomena such as the US stimulus package and economic contraction due to COVID.

But Russell sees more important changes taking place beneath the surface.

These changes are not cyclical, but structural.

2/ The impact of demographics and technology are important in forecasting inflation, but the most significant factor is the allocation of money and credit.

Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon, and we are seeing fundamental monetary changes take place.

3/ What has changed is that, since the COVID outbreak, governments have started to provide credit guarantees to the banking system.

Over the past decade, despite repeated rounds of QE, increases in base money had not translated into rapid broad money supply growth... until now.

4/ This is because, while central banks can create bank reserves, it is ultimately commercial banks that expand the broad money supply: the digital money we exchange when we buy things with our bank cards.

It is this broad money growth that ultimately pushes up CPI inflation.