#Italy #Sicily #Etna #Volcano
ACTIVITY REPORT (#THREADE

37.748°N, 14.999°E;
summit elev. 3320 m

All times are local (unless otherwise noted)

INGV reported that Strombolian activity from all four of Etna’s summit craters, the Southeast Crater (SEC), Northeast Crater (NEC), Bocca Nuova (BN), and Voragine (VOR), was visible during 8-14 February.

The frequency and intensity of explosions at SEC were variable; almost continuous strong explosions originated from two vents in the E part of the top of the cone. Tephra accumulated near the top of the cone and rolled several tens of meters down the flanks.

Minor ash emissions rapidly dispersed. Less-intense Strombolian activity occurred at the S vent (also called the saddle vent). Intra-crater Strombolian activity at NEC sometimes produced nighttime crater incandescence.

The activity at BN sometimes ejected coarse material beyond the crater rim, and rare emissions that had diffuse ash content. The the VOR Strombolian explosions ejected material that sometimes rose above the crater rim and generated diffuse ash emissions.

I tend to stay out of IHRA debates, as its working definition of antisemitism has been turned into a shibboleth by both “sides” — claimed as essential protection against antisemitism by some advocates, and a nefarious plot to defend Israel by detractors; in fact it’s neither.

I think the WD has good intentions, and it’s a useful contribution to a discussion that can help broaden and deepen understanding of antisemitism. It’s not the document I’d write personally, but I think it has value. I supported the Labour Party endorsing it.

What I’m against is using something explicitly intended to be “non-legally binding” as a “statutory” document to police speech. Potential negative consequences of endorsement of the WD stem far more from attempts to do that than anything actually written in the WD itself, IMO.

I think that’s what’s now happening in academia. Gavin Williamson is using a drive for endorsement of the WD as part of a wider government-led offensive against free and critical speech, especially in academia. Context matters. That offensive should be resisted.

On the infamous “racist endeavour” example, it’s not true that the WD prevents calling Israel, or its policies, racist, isn’t true. Read it. It says claiming “a” [not “the”] state of Israel is a racist endeavour” *could*, “taking into account the overall context”, be antisemitic.

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