3rd-4th century mosaic. The Sun God Sol. He is holding the sphere of the heavens in his hand. What makes this notable is that this is from a Jewish synagogue. I could have said this was Jesus, and people would definitely believe it.

You can see there that Sol is in the middle of a zodiac wheel, a common motif in the Roman empire. And above, there are two menorahs and a Torah shrine. The zodiac signs are labeled in Hebrew, but Greek is also present.

Here are two more examples of Sol with the Zodiac wheel, also from synagogues. Just to show it was not an isolated usage. It was common.

Here is an early Christian depiction of Jesus as the Sun God. In the 4th century, Christian art was retooled pagan art. Patronized by Constantine and his successors at first. Constantine himself worshiped Sol Invictus.

What I want to focus on here is this. The orb shows up all over the place. It represents the heavens or the whole cosmos. And the cross or X running through it is also important. I will show many examples of it to prove the point.