BC SECTORLEARNINGS
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In a business where the buying & selling price is fixed by the government, how is that the sugar stocks are rallying so much?

A thread 🧵 to learn how the sugar sector works. Do re-tweet and hence us educate more investors (1/n)

 - Sugar is made out of Sugarcane
- The government fixes buying price (FRP – Fair & Remunerative price) for the mill from the farmers at 2.850/Kg
- Selling price is also fixed at Rs. 31/Kg (MSP – Minimum selling price) (2/n)
Lets understand the sector,

- Sugarcane purchased by the mill is crushed to remove the juice (exactly like you have sugarcane juice at a hotel)
- Juice is heated & boiled to remove sugar (3/n)
- The juice can be boiled upto 3 times to remove sugar. Each time it is boiled, sugar is removed, than some water is added and boiled again to remove more sugar (4/n)
- There are 2 by-products as well. The residue left behind after the boiling process is over is like a gum/paste called molasses & the fiber/stem of the sugarcane after juice is extracted (5/n)
-U can either directly convert the juice into molasses without extracting sugar so that U can produce more molasses or boil the juice twice, extract sugar & use the remaining juice 2 extract molasses (B Molasses) or burn the juice 3 times & extract the molasses (C Molasses) (6/n)
Sugar industry deals in 3 products,
-Sugar
-Molasses can be further processed to make Ethanol & Alcohol
-The fiber is burned to generate electricity. Sugar mills use the same electricity for running the mill & extra is sold. This is called co-generation (7/n)
Rough calculations,

1 Tonne of sugarcane roughly can produce
- 110 Kg of sugar (or)
- 70 L of Ethanol
You produce 1.6 times more sugar than Ethanol from 1Tonne of sugarcane.

& Sugar mills rough business split is,
60-65% sugar, 20-25% ethanol, 10-15% co generation (8/n)
What should the mill focus on producing depends on the rate of sugar or Ethanol. Sugar currently is 31/kg & ethanol is 62.65. So 1 tonne of sugarcane can generate the below revenue
-Sugar = 31*110 = 3410
-Ethanol – 70*62.65 = 4385.5 (9/n)
So what should they produce more? Ethanol

So why are they even producing sugar?
Ethanol production needs a proper distillery set up which not all mills have. Mills are now investing for the same. (10/n)
Why are stocks going up?
- Demand & Supply
- Exports
- Ethanol
- Working Capital (11/n)
Demand & Supply (12/n)
Exports (13/n)
Ethanol (14/n)
Working Capital

Working capital to get better with more focus on Ethanol as payments from OMC happen monthly vs selling sugar which take 7-9 months of inventory time where as the farmers have to be paid in 14 days after acquiring the crop from them (15/n)
What to look for in a sugar company?

- UP based companies to do well. Water is available for cultivation, crop is also good & hence the factory capacity utilization is better & sugar produce per tonne is more
- Ethanol capacity/Tonne of crop crushed
- Working capital (16/n)
Cant end this thread without crediting @varinder_bansal for a very good video on sugar sector from where I have taken the latest data for the thread. You can watch the entire episode here -https://t.co/kDtnHmzL98 (17/n)
I have written multiple threads earlier on
- Sector Analysis - Banking, Paints, Logistic, REIT, InvIT
- Macro Economics
- Debt Markets
- Equity Markets
- Gold
- Personal Finance etc.

You can find them all in the link below 👇 (**END**)

https://t.co/UrRt87OLLF

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