BC INDIA
Saved by @CodyyyGardner

WHEN GH0RI TOOK TO HIS HEELS WHILST FIGHTING A HINDU QUEEN

THE BATTLE OF KASAHRADA (Kayadara)
1178 AD

Strategy! Bravado! Glory!

(Thread)

 The narrative set by left historians about one of their favorite poster boys "Gh0ri" is that he went unchallenged upon entering the Indian subcontinent with one king falling after another.(1)
They conveniently deleted this event. Why? An agenda aimed at making us feel weak and inferior against the invaders in an attempt to glorify them. Simple strategy: To destroy a civilization tamper their history.(2)
Gh0ri defeated Prithviraj Chauhan at the 2nd Battle of Tarain in 1192 and laid the foundation of Delhi Sultanate. What is not well known is the fact that 14 years before he won this battle, he was defeated by the queen of Gujarat "Naiki Devi"!(3)
In 1173 Md Gh0ri had conquered the Ghaznavids in Afghanistan. A ruthless, persistent and deceptive Gh0ri was successful in conducting massive raids deep inside Indian territory.(4)
Gh0ri’s first invasions were on the states of Multan and the fortress of Uch. After capturing Multan and Uch, he turned southwards towards Rajputana and Gujarat.(5)
His target was the prosperous fortified town of Anhilwara. Present day Patan.(6)
Anhilwara at that time was the capital of the Chalukyas (also known as Solankis). According to American historian Tertius Chandler, the ancient citadel was the 10th largest city in the world in the year 1000, with a population of approximately 100,000.(7)
When Ghori attacked Anhilwara, it was under the rule of Mularaja II who had ascended the throne as a kid after the demise of his father Ajayapala.(8)
It was actually his mother Naiki Devi, who took over the reins of the kingdom as queen regent.(9)
Naiki Devi was born to Paramardin, king of Kadamba(present day Goa). Naiki Devi was married to king Ajayapala of Gujarat who ascended the throne of Gujarat in 1171 CE.(10)
King Ajayapala died in 1175 and ruled for only 4 years. After his death his son Mularaja II became his successor. The new king was a minor, so his mother Naiki Devi ascended the throne and effectively ruled on his behalf.(11)
Gh0ri was well aware that the Chalukyas didn’t have a king. He perceived the Hindu queen to be weak and easy to defeat as he had a much bigger army at his disposal but then he was daydreaming.(12)
Undaunted by the prospect of Ghori’s imminent attack, she threw herself into organizing a well planned opposition to the invading army.(13)
Naiki Devi sent out emissaries to forge crucial partnerships and request assistance from nearby provinces for help. While these kingdoms did not accede to her request, she did receive aid from Chalukyan feudatories.(14)
Realising this wasn’t enough to defeat the massive hordes of enemy soldiers she was dejected but ever determined now to take on the marauder on her own.(15)
Naiki planned a battle strategy that would even out the odds. She chose the rugged terrain of Gadaraghatta, an area on the foot of Mount Abu near the village of Kasahrada (modern day Sirohi district) as the point where she will intercept and engage Gh0ri's forces.(16)
The narrow hill passes of Gadaraghatta were unfamiliar ground for Gh0ri’s invading army, giving Naiki Devi an advantage by diluting the opposition's attack hence balancing the odds.(17)
So when Gh0ri and his army finally arrived, the warrior queen went into the battle leading her soldiers in a major counter offensive.(18)
The war elephants of Rajputs proved effective in fighting on hill passes. They effectively countered Ghori's famed cavalry which wasn't able to operate effectively in the terrain which the queen chose because it hit Ghori's primary military capability. Speed.(19)
The passes became red with the opponent army wilting under a dogged Hindu resistance.(20)
The Ghurid army started retreating from the battlefield. He never tried to invade India via Gujarat again using the more porous Punjab region 14 years later to face Prithviraj.(21)
Naiki Devi disappeared somewhere in the pages of history.(22)
Jain scholar Merutunga in his work "Prabandha Chinramani" mentions how Naiki Devi, the queen of Chalukyas defeated the armies of the mleccha king at Gadaraghatta near Mount Abu.(23)
Naiki Devi’s capital, Anhilwara or present day Patan, is also home to a beautiful stepwell called the "Rani ki Vav".(24)
This intricately constructed 11th century monument is a subterranean water storage system built by queen Udaymati to commemorate her husband king Bhimdev I of the Chalukya (Solanki) dynasty.(25)

More from Suhas S. Hardutt

Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
Marvels of Medical Science in Ancient India

ACHARYA SUSHRUTA and SUSHRUTA SAMHITA

Ancient Indians were pioneers in diverse fields of study and their genius was centuries ahead of their times. Feel the glory, basking in pride of their unparalleled achievements.

(Thread)


Sushruta (circa 7th or 6th century BC) was a surgeon who in present times is known as the “father of Indian medicine” and “father of plastic surgery” for inventing and developing surgical procedures. He lived in Kashi on the banks of river Ganga.(1)

His work documented in the Sushruta Samhita (compendium) is one of the oldest texts in the world on plastic surgery and regarded as one of the trilogies of Ayurveda. The other 2 being the Charaka Samhita and Astanga Hridaya.(2)

Sushruta compiled the Sushruta Samhita as an instruction manual for physicians to treat patients.(3)

The Samhita caters to surgical techniques listing over 300 surgical procedures and 120 surgical instruments. Additionally to 1,120 diseases, injuries and their treatments with over 700 medicinal herbs and their application.(4)
RELIGION
Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
RANI TARABAI the nemesis of Aurangzeb

The forgotten warrior queen who didn't allow the tyrant to trample upon Hindu rule which was passing through its darkest phase. Courage and resilience. A falling empire, personal tragedies and a vicious enemy. None could shake her.

(Thread)


Tarabai, the Maratha queen (1675-1761), is perhaps one of the most important contributors to the breakup of the M0ghul empire. She prevented the Maratha rule from disintegrating when it was at its lowest with almost all forts in M0ghul hands.(1)

Aurangzeb’s dream of a pan India dominion was destroyed in the hills and forts of western Deccan.(2)

First she survived the M0ghul onslaught, later on carrying the battle into M0ghul territory, raiding and then creating permanent outposts. Had she buckled there may not have been Maratha hegemony in the 18th century, which reduced the M0ghul control to a small area.(3)


She was the daughter of Hambir Rao Mohite, Shivaji’s cmdr in chief, and got married to Shivaji’s younger son Rajaram. She was well trained in sword fighting, archery, cavalry, military strategy, diplomacy and other subjects of statecraft.(4)
HISTORY
Advertisement
Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura, Karnataka.

This temple, not to be confused with the Belur Chennakeshava temple, was built during the Hoysala period by a Hoysala general named Dandanayaka Somanatha. The temple dedicated to lord Vishnu was consecrated in 1258.


Dandanayaka Somanatha established a village named Somanathapura on the banks of river Kaveri. He sought the permission of King Narasimha III, to begin construction of a grand temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu that would also showcase the might of Hoysalas.(1)


The temple rests on a high star shaped platform (jagati) with 3 sanctums (garbha griha) making it a trikuta, set in a square matrix oriented along the east west and north south axes.(2)


The western sanctum is dedicated to Kesava, the northern sanctum to Janardhana and the southern sanctum to Venugopala, all are forms of lord Vishnu.(3)


The sanctums share a common community hall (sabha mandapa) with many pillars. Above each of these sanctums rise the 16 pointed star shaped tower called vimana or shikara.(4)
RELIGION
Pegasus of Dharma
Pegasus of Dharma
@HarduttSuhas
The BATTLE OF PAVAN KHIND (13 July 1660)

300 MARATHAS against 10000+ ADIL SHAHI TROOPS

A Sparta style last man stand at a mountain pass which ensured Shivaji Maharaj's safety.

Valour, loyalty and sacrifice!


Baji Prabhu Deshpande was one of the most able lieutenants of Shivaji. He sacrificed his life defending Shivaji in a heroic last stand known as the "Battle of Pavan Khind" in which his force was hugely outnumbered.(1)

In this battle he became a martyr, but managed to halt the enemy forces for several hours, which secured Shivaji’s safety and victory on another front. Without this heroic last stand Shivaji’s glorious career may have been cut short.(2)


Baji Prabhu was senior to Shivaji. In the beginning he opposed Shivaji being from a rival Maratha clan, but realised that Shivaji stood for national resurgence. Henceforth he became a friend and loyal supporter of Shivaji.(3)

In 1660, Shivaji was trapped in the fort of Panhala, under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshahi army led by general Siddhi Jauhar.(4)
HISTORY
Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
THE BATTLE OF PRATAPGARH (10 Nov, 1659)

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's impeccable military genius and matchless courage humbled the Adil Shahi Sultanate.

The beginning of what was to come later for the M0ghuls from one of the most indefatigable defenders of Dharma!

(Thread)


Shivaji’s growing influence in Maval region, made him a threat to the Adil Shahi ruler of Bijapur who sought to restrain him. The man who was given the responsibility of this mission, was their commander, Afzal Khan. Afzal was a formidable warrior known for his ruthlessness.(1)

His strategy was to bring Shivaji out into the plains, where he held an advantage, compared to the rocky Deccan terrain. Afzal attacked the holy town of Pandharpur, and later demolished the temple of Bhavani at Tuljapur to instigate Shivaji in a bid to bring him out.(2)

Shivaji was angry but remained patient. Knowing that he could not defeat Bijapuri Sultanate in an open battle, Shivaji moved to Pratapgarh fort, located on rocky heights, surrounded by thick forests of Jawali.(3)

This set the pattern for future Maratha attacks, using guerrilla warfare against larger invading armies rendering them ineffective in unfavorable terrain.(4)
HISTORY

More from India

Shruti Chaturvedi
Shruti Chaturvedi
@adhicutting
People you're seeing in TV posing as locals of #SinghuBorder are NOT locals. Infact, locals are extremely warm with the protestors. This is what real locals have to say!


No one has a problem with protestors at #SinghuBorder. Who were the ones who came to protest??


https://t.co/l3xWK8z0m7


#IndiaStandsWithFarmers


Sweeetestt ❣️❣️❣️
INDIA
Engineer Who
Engineer Who
@Engr_Who
A long but must read thread. Udaybhan Rathore and myth making in Maratha history: An analysis. This is the thread on Udaybhan Rathore, who he was and how over the time period, his life was portrayed in maratha chronicles and pseudo history. (1/n)

Udaybhan rathore was the head of Bhinai thikana (84 villages) in Ajmer. He was the direct descendant of the famous Rao Chandrasen, Raja of Marwar (4th generation) who resisted Akbar all his life and never made any alliance with mughals like Maharana Pratap. (2/n)

Later in 1783, Maharaja of Jodhpur gave title of Raja to Bhinai family for their military service. Bhinai family and their direct descendant Raja Sh Mayuraj Singh still lives in Ajmer. Anyway coming to Udaybhan Rathore and story of Tanaji. (3/n)

Jai Singh's march on Shivaji and treaty of Purandar (1665) is a well known episode to repeat here. After getting the hill forts from Shivaji under the treaty, Jai Singh didn't have enough man-power to man every one of the small forts because of his next (4/n)

campaign against Bijapur. Jai Singh personally took over a couple of important forts like Kondhana (Sinhgarh), Purandar etc. Others were given to some mughals or their fortification walls destroyed. Jai Singh died in 1667 near Burhanpur while enroute to the north. (5/n)
INDIA
Advertisement
The Rarhian
The Rarhian
@TRarhian
Presenting you the 1st Phase Opinion Poll of West Bengal Vidhan Sabha Election 2021 by Bongo Prokash. It's a joint venture by me & @ThePaulSaheb, 2 more such polls will be out in March. Please give your feedback. Constructive criticism will be appreciated trolls will be blocked.


In Coochbehar, BJP is sweeping all the seats except Sitai. Udayan Guha losing, so is Rabindranath. Rajbongshis stay with BJP.


In Alipurduar it's a BJP landslide. BJP maintains it's Lok Sabha strength & adds with recent defection by good organization leaders from TMC.


In Jalpaiguri too BJP sweeps, TMC draws a blank.


In Darjeeling the game becomes interesting. GJM is a divided house now in alliance with TMC. Tamang & Gurung factions heavily divided. GNLF backs BJP. BJP+GNLF ahead in Siliguri, Phansidewa, Naxalbari while GJM marginally ahead in Kalimpong, Kurseong & at the moment in Darjeeling
INDIA
Soni Ji
Soni Ji
@SanataniCyber
Thread: Part 1

Khalistan and Gorge Soros Connections.

Starting thread with the operation running fron UK and how they are getting funded and how they using funds and transferring it in India.

Maximum RT will needed from you guys.


SIKH STUDENT'S FEDERATION |
ASTON UNIVERSITY KHALISTAN SOCIETY.

The message you can see here in Image that they are working for Free and Independent Khalistan.


IN MAY 2019, THE ASTON UNIVERSITY KHALISTAN SOCIETY WERE AWARDED WITH THE SOCIETIES GOLD FEDERATION AWARD.

Lets introduce who are the members in below tweets.


Simranjeet Singh 
Aston University Labour Society General Secretary

Manpreet Singh
World Sikh Parliament

Shamsher Singh
National Sikh Youth Federation

Iram Kayani
Keele University Kashmiri Society


Gurpreet Singh
Saving Panjab Organization.

YourSeva Organization

Amandeep Singh
Aston University Sikh Society
President of the Aston Sikh Society the natural disasters in Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe and the ongoing conflicts in Yemen, Panjab, Kashmir, Palestine & Syria.
ALL , INDIA
Amrita Bhinder
Amrita Bhinder
@amritabhinder
#FarmReforms
#FarmBills

Who Is Protesting and Why?

Reforms have proved controversial. In Sept, BBC wondered whether they were a “death warrant” for farmers.

Some worry whether reforms might lead to the end of wholesale markets and guaranteed

Currently, the government offers a minimum support price that acts as a safety net for farmers. Even though the government has promised to retain such a price, farmers fear its withdrawal over time.

There is an added fear that big private players will offer good money to farmers in the beginning, kill off their competition and then pay little for agricultural produce.

Farmers might go from the local monopsonies of APMCs to the national oligopoly of Amazon-like behemoths.

It is important to remember that the government offers price support only for the staple crops of the Green Revolution.

Other crops do not qualify, nor do fruits and vegetables.

Unsurprisingly, the overwhelming number of protesters are farmers from India’s northwest, the region that has benefited most from the old system. In particular, they belong to Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, the birthplace of the Green Revolution.
INDIA

You May Also Like

Bijay
Bijay
@Bijay_reborn
A small write up on how the OPTION PRICES BEHAVES AT SUPPORT & RESISTANCE


https://t.co/EIbXwcHpHf


https://t.co/zDamXyOhh6
ALL
ArmaniTalks \U0001f399\U0001f525
ArmaniTalks 🎙🔥...
@ArmaniTalks
Shy people are either overthinking or highly observant of the social setting.

And in many cases it can be both.

'So what do I do?'

You learn the 75/25 law.

'What is that?'

The law of charisma...👇

Let's address the over thinkers first.

Do you have any idea why you overthink?

'Yea. Because others are judging how shy I am.'

Incorrect.

Others are thinking about themselves, not you.

But the fact that you think they are thinking about you, you fuck up the interaction.

Now you stay in your head too much & avoid the present moment.

A major no no in the social world.

Your tendency to think that others are judging you for being shy, coincidentally makes you more shy.

And that's when you start giving off a strange vibration to the social setting.

This is when you begin attracting comments like 'why are you so quiet?'
LIFE
Advertisement
Patrick McKenzie
Patrick McKenzie
@patio11
A thread on HN about bad code in legacy projects both makes me think how little we've learned as a discipline over the years and, honestly, how little credit we give ourselves for some pretty major

Fun going down this list and thinking: "Hmm, plausible at a well-run modern software shop", "Hmm, possible, but requires implausible tradeoffs", "Literally disallowed by languages", and "If you were to attempt doing that our test suite wouldn't let you merge."

I think we as an industry celebrate (not quite the right word) failure too much and don't celebrate success nearly enough. There is no DailyWTF for competent execution, word of which generally stays pretty local to the source while incompetence passes into legend.

Alrighty let me try to thread the needle on being the change I want to see in the world while not giving away anything that will get me in trouble:

Ruby has wonderful developer ergonomics. Typed languages are easier for machines to guarantee the correctness of. We built a type checker for Ruby (and I believe it is slated for OSS release sometime).

c.f.
TECH
Anastasis
Anastasis
@OrdersofM
https://t.co/6cRR2B3jBE
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.

https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d


Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.


...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.


Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
ALL
WORLD OF SANATAN DHARMA
WORLD OF SANATAN DHARM...
@world_sanatan
PETER PADUKAM - THE LEGEND OF MADURAI MEENAKSHI TEMPLE AND A BRITISH COLLECTOR.

A British Collector named Rous Peter was appointed as Collector of Madurai from 1812 to 1828.

Though a Christian by faith, he respected all faiths including Hinduism and also honored local practice


Collector Peter was the temple administrator of the Meenakshi Amman Temple and conducted all his duties with sincerity and honesty and respected the religious sentiments of all people.

Collector Rous Peter respected and treated people of all faiths equally and this noble trait

earned him the popular nickname ‘Peter Pandian'

Goddess Meenakshi Amman Temple was situated between Collector Peter's residence and office.

Everyday he used to go to the office by his horse and while crossing the temple, he got down from his horse, removed the hat and his shoes

and crossed the whole path on his foot.

Through this small gesture he expressed his reverence to the Goddess!

One day there was a heavy downpour in Madurai city and River Vaigai was in spate.

Collector was sleeping in his residence and was suddenly disturbed and woken up by

the sound of anklets and he left his bed to find out from where the sound had came.

He saw a small girl wearing pattuvastrams (silk garments) and precious ornaments and addressing him as 'Peter come this way'.
ALL