How to analyze a:

▪️Balance Sheet
▪️Income Statement
▪️Cash Flow Statement

In less than 5 minutes:

Every company has 3 financial statements.

Each answers a unique question:

1. Balance Sheet: What’s your net worth?

2. Income Statement: Are you profitable?

3. Cash Flow Statement: Are you generating cash?
The financial statements are interrelated.

Each views a company’s financials from a different angle.

When combined, they provide a more complete view of a company’s true financial position.
1A: Balance Sheet

This tells you a company’s net worth at a specific point in time.

Layout:
1B: What I focus on first:

1⃣ Cash & Equivalents: How much?
2⃣ Debt: How much vs. cash?
3⃣ Goodwill: How much?
4⃣ Retained Earnings (+ T.S.): Positive?
5⃣ Receivables & Inventory: How much?
1C: Best Possible Answers

1⃣Cash & Equivalents: More than debt
2⃣Short & Long-Debt: None
3⃣Goodwill: Zero
4⃣Retained Earnings (+ T.S.): Positive
5⃣ Receivables & Inventory: None
2A: The Income Statement

This tells you if a company is “profitable” or not during a period of time

Layout:
2B: I look at 2 income statements with comparable periods.

What I focus on first:
1⃣Revenue: Up or down?
2⃣Gross Profit: Up or down?
3⃣EPS (Diluted): Positive or negative?
4⃣Shares Outstanding: Up or down?
5⃣Operating Expenses: Up or down?
2C: Best Possible Answers

1⃣Revenue: Up 30%+
2⃣Gross Profit: Up 30%+
3⃣EPS: Up 30%+
4⃣Shares Outstanding: Down 4%+
5⃣Operating Expenses: Stable
3A: The Cash Flow Statement

This tells you how cash moves in and out of a business over a period of time.

Layout:
3B: What I focus on first:

1⃣OCF: Positive or negative?
2⃣CapEx: More or less than OCF?
3⃣NCC: Any big numbers? S.B.C.?
4⃣Stock: Issuance or buybacks?
5⃣Debt: Borrow or repay?
3C: Best possible answers

1⃣ OCF: Positive (+ Growing)
2⃣CapEx: Much less than OCF
3⃣NCC: Nothing noteworthy + Low SBC
4⃣Stock: Buybacks ✅
5⃣Debt: Repayment✅
I’d never make an investment decision without MUCH more analysis than this.

Accounting (and investing) is FILLED with nuance

Still, with <1 minute of analysis per financial statement, you can quickly identify a company's strengths + weaknesses
If you invest, you MUST learn accounting

That's why @Brian_Stoffel_ and I created a course that teaches accounting in plain English

Registration closes TONIGHT (9/18) at 11:59 PM EDT!

Interested? DM me for a special coupon code.

https://t.co/988Hizpz84
Prefer to keep learning for free?

Read this thread I wrote about the cash flow statement next:

https://t.co/0yJu58rX4n

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॥ॐ॥
अस्य श्री गायत्री ध्यान श्लोक:
(gAyatri dhyAna shlOka)
• This shloka to meditate personified form of वेदमाता गायत्री was given by Bhagwaan Brahma to Sage yAgnavalkya (याज्ञवल्क्य).

• 14th shloka of गायत्री कवचम् which is taken from वशिष्ठ संहिता, goes as follows..


• मुक्ता-विद्रुम-हेम-नील धवलच्छायैर्मुखस्त्रीक्षणै:।
muktA vidruma hEma nIla dhavalachhAyaiH mukhaistrlkShaNaiH.

• युक्तामिन्दुकला-निबद्धमुकुटां तत्वार्थवर्णात्मिकाम्॥
yuktAmindukalA nibaddha makutAm tatvArtha varNAtmikam.

• गायत्रीं वरदाभयाङ्कुश कशां शुभ्रं कपालं गदाम्।
gAyatrIm vardAbhayANkusha kashAm shubhram kapAlam gadAm.

• शंखं चक्रमथारविन्दयुगलं हस्तैर्वहन्ती भजै॥
shankham chakramathArvinda yugalam hastairvahantIm bhajE.

This shloka describes the form of वेदमाता गायत्री.

• It says, "She has five faces which shine with the colours of a Pearl 'मुक्ता', Coral 'विद्रुम', Gold 'हेम्', Sapphire 'नील्', & a Diamond 'धवलम्'.

• These five faces are symbolic of the five primordial elements called पञ्चमहाभूत:' which makes up the entire existence.

• These are the elements of SPACE, FIRE, WIND, EARTH & WATER.

• All these five faces shine with three eyes 'त्रिक्षणै:'.
https://t.co/6cRR2B3jBE
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.

https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d


Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.


...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.


Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.

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I like this heuristic, and have a few which are similar in intent to it:


Hiring efficiency:

How long does it take, measured from initial expression of interest through offer of employment signed, for a typical candidate cold inbounding to the company?

What is the *theoretical minimum* for *any* candidate?

How long does it take, as a developer newly hired at the company:

* To get a fully credentialed machine issued to you
* To get a fully functional development environment on that machine which could push code to production immediately
* To solo ship one material quanta of work

How long does it take, from first idea floated to "It's on the Internet", to create a piece of marketing collateral.

(For bonus points: break down by ambitiousness / form factor.)

How many people have to say yes to do something which is clearly worth doing which costs $5,000 / $15,000 / $250,000 and has never been done before.