What are CROs, CDMOs, CMOs and CRAMS? How are they different from each other and what value do they add to the Pharma Value Chain? To understand these concepts, we took a look at the drug discovery process.
Thread on Drug Development process 🧵
Hit like & Retweet for more learnings ! 💊🧪🩺💉
@unseenvalue
Topics Covered :
1.Introduction to CRO,CDMO,CMO & CRAMS
2.Discovery
3.Clinical Trials
4.Commercialization and Surveillance
5.Success Rates
6.CRO
7.CMO
8.CDMO
9.CRAMS
What are CROs, CDMOs, CMOs and CRAMS? How are they different from each other and what value do they add to the Pharma Value Chain? To understand these concepts, we took a look at the drug discovery process.
The discovery of a new drug starts in the research lab where researchers study hundreds of diseases. They analyse what part of the body a disease affects and what reaction the body has to these diseases.
Once all this data has been collected, they file an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application with the US FDA. The US FDA reviews the IND within 6 months of filing. Once the IND is approved,
3. Clinical Trials:
The drug now moves to the Clinical Trials phase. It will be the first time a novel drug will be given to human beings. The clinical trials itself take place in 3 phases.
If the FDA approves the NDA, the company can manufacture and market the drugs to the public. But the testing does not end here. The drug now moves into Phase 4 testing.
Approximately 70% of the drugs move from Phase 1 to Phase 2, 33% move from Phase 2 to Phase 3, 25-30% move from Phase 3 to Phase 4. About 70-90% of drugs in Phase 4 are successful in staying in the market.
So where do the CROs and CDMOs come in? Contract research organizations help with the first 2 phases whereas Contract development and manufacturing organizations help with the last 2 phases
CROs support the innovators by providing services from drug discovery right up to commercialization. They provide services like target discovery, pre clinical trials, management of clinical trials, help with regulatory filings and pharmacovigilance(Phase 4).
Contract manufacturing organizations (CMO) on the other hand provide outsourced manufacturing solutions to the innovator. They are involved with the manufacturing of APIs and Formulations and oftentimes even involved with the final packaging of the product.
More from Value Educator
More from Uvlearnings
You May Also Like
MASTER THREAD on Short Strangles.
Curated the best tweets from the best traders who are exceptional at managing strangles.
• Positional Strangles
• Intraday Strangles
• Position Sizing
• How to do Adjustments
• Plenty of Examples
• When to avoid
• Exit Criteria
How to sell Strangles in weekly expiry as explained by boss himself. @Mitesh_Engr
• When to sell
• How to do Adjustments
• Exit
Beautiful explanation on positional option selling by @Mitesh_Engr
Sir on how to sell low premium strangles yourself without paying anyone. This is a free mini course in
1st Live example of managing a strangle by Mitesh Sir. @Mitesh_Engr
• Sold Strangles 20% cap used
• Added 20% cap more when in profit
• Booked profitable leg and rolled up
• Kept rolling up profitable leg
• Booked loss in calls
• Sold only
2nd example by @Mitesh_Engr Sir on converting a directional trade into strangles. Option Sellers can use this for consistent profit.
• Identified a reversal and sold puts
• Puts decayed a lot
• When achieved 2% profit through puts then sold
Curated the best tweets from the best traders who are exceptional at managing strangles.
• Positional Strangles
• Intraday Strangles
• Position Sizing
• How to do Adjustments
• Plenty of Examples
• When to avoid
• Exit Criteria
How to sell Strangles in weekly expiry as explained by boss himself. @Mitesh_Engr
• When to sell
• How to do Adjustments
• Exit
1. Let's start option selling learning.
— Mitesh Patel (@Mitesh_Engr) February 10, 2019
Strangle selling. ( I am doing mostly in weekly Bank Nifty)
When to sell? When VIX is below 15
Assume spot is at 27500
Sell 27100 PE & 27900 CE
say premium for both 50-50
If bank nifty will move in narrow range u will get profit from both.
Beautiful explanation on positional option selling by @Mitesh_Engr
Sir on how to sell low premium strangles yourself without paying anyone. This is a free mini course in
Few are selling 20-25 Rs positional option selling course.
— Mitesh Patel (@Mitesh_Engr) November 3, 2019
Nothing big deal in that.
For selling weekly option just identify last week low and high.
Now from that low and high keep 1-1.5% distance from strike.
And sell option on both side.
1/n
1st Live example of managing a strangle by Mitesh Sir. @Mitesh_Engr
• Sold Strangles 20% cap used
• Added 20% cap more when in profit
• Booked profitable leg and rolled up
• Kept rolling up profitable leg
• Booked loss in calls
• Sold only
Sold 29200 put and 30500 call
— Mitesh Patel (@Mitesh_Engr) April 12, 2019
Used 20% capital@44 each
2nd example by @Mitesh_Engr Sir on converting a directional trade into strangles. Option Sellers can use this for consistent profit.
• Identified a reversal and sold puts
• Puts decayed a lot
• When achieved 2% profit through puts then sold
Already giving more than 2% return in a week. Now I will prefer to sell 32500 call at 74 to make it strangle in equal ratio.
— Mitesh Patel (@Mitesh_Engr) February 7, 2020
To all. This is free learning for you. How to play option to make consistent return.
Stay tuned and learn it here free of cost. https://t.co/7J7LC86oW0
