While #Tulane school of medicine is rightfully being exposed for its contemporary racism towards faculty, staff, students (and patients) due to the racist firing of Dr. Princess Dennar, it’s important to call out the deeply anti-Black history of this school, specifically... 1/

The way #Tulane became a private institution (originally was a public university) at the end of Reconstruction to avoid having to desegregate. The school charter says it was founded for “white men” only... but there’s more (much more) to this story... 2/
cw: medical racism

Tulane’s school of medicine rose to national prominence for its collection of human “specimens” in their anatomy museum “rivaled only by Harvard”. How did it acquire these “specimens” you might ask?

The collection was “curated” by a Dr. Edward Souchon... 3/
Dr. Souchon was mentored by the late James Marion Sims, the “father of modern gynecology”, who himself had started collecting body parts, organs, and skeletal remains from enslaved Black people during slavery. Souchon continued “curating” his own collection in horrific ways. 4/
The Souchon Collection grew over several decades, eventually touring the state as a traveling “public health” exhibit- nearly all of the body parts stolen, harvested and illicitly acquired from formerly enslaved and poor Black people via Charity Hospital. 5/
In the early 1900s Tulane would even advertise its anatomy collection to attract medical school applicants from across the country, bragging that their Dr.’s had “trained” as physicians to enslaved Black people and therefore knew about the “peculiarities” of Black bodies. 6/
This of course was true in that one of Tulane’s most famous founding physicians was Dr. Samuel Cartwright, who famously invented diseases like “Drapetomania” to justify enslavement and prescribed brutal violence as a cure. https://t.co/5IMEq0zdcP 7/
Tulane’s school of medicine continued to receive a “bounty” of Black bodies through a special arrangement w/ Charity Hospital, which often supplied the school with so many cadavers per month that they often didn’t know what to do with them... but it’s for science right? Wrong. 8/
Tulane med school students (all white men at the time) were known to pose for raunchy and racist photos with the cadavers. During the New Deal, WPA oral historians recorded numerous stories about the “Black bottle men” or “needle men” who would steal human at night... 9/
There was a widespread belief in Black New Orleans communities that Tulane med school students would hide in the allies at night and use anasthesias to knock out unsuspecting Black victims to harvest their bodies for experiments and dissections. It’s easy to understand why. 10/
Charity Hospital was also suspected of delivering substandard medical care to poor Black, indigent patients- letting them die- to help supply the flow of Black cadavers to Tulane. It’s nearly impossible to confirm these facts now, but one can imagine why ppl thought this. 11/
Through a range of nefarious methods (enslavement, exploitation, shady deals), Dr. Edward Souchon built up his anatomy “collection”- robbing the deceased and their families of the right to perform sacred traditional African burial customs, dehumanizing & profiting off them 12/
This “Souchon Collection” was still proudly exhibited by Tulane med school until it started to draw negative attention, and for many decades now has been hidden in the basement of the Hutchinson building downtown. Still, faculty access it to show their students... 13/
Tulane must acknowledge the Anti-Black history of the Souchon Collection, work to repatriate all human remains to surviving family, provide reparations & facilitate proper burial rights. This is an abomination and this racist legacy and present situation must be addressed. END

More from Health

No-regret #hydrogen:
Charting early steps for H₂ infrastructure in Europe.

👉Summary of conclusions of a new study by @AgoraEW @AFRY_global @Ma_Deutsch @gnievchenko (1/17)
https://t.co/YA50FA57Em


The idea behind this study is that future hydrogen demand is highly uncertain and we don’t want to spend tens of billions of euros to repurpose a network which won’t be needed. For instance, hydrogen in ground transport is a hotly debated topic
https://t.co/RlnqDYVzpr (2/17)

Similar things can be said about heat. 40% of today’s industrial natural gas use in the EU goes to heat below 100°C and therefore is within range of electric heat pumps – whose performance factors far exceed 100%. (3/17)


Even for higher temperatures, a range of power-to-heat (PtH) options can be more energy-efficient than hydrogen and should be considered first. Available PtH technologies can cover all temperature levels needed in industrial production (e.g. electric arc furnace: 3500°C). (4/17)


In our view, hydrogen use for feedstock and chemical reactions is the only inescapable source of industrial hydrogen demand in Europe that does not lend itself to electrification. Examples include ammonia, steel, and petrochemical industries. (5/17)

You May Also Like

I'm going to do two history threads on Ethiopia, one on its ancient history, one on its modern story (1800 to today). 🇪🇹

I'll begin with the ancient history ... and it goes way back. Because modern humans - and before that, the ancestors of humans - almost certainly originated in Ethiopia. 🇪🇹 (sub-thread):


The first likely historical reference to Ethiopia is ancient Egyptian records of trade expeditions to the "Land of Punt" in search of gold, ebony, ivory, incense, and wild animals, starting in c 2500 BC 🇪🇹


Ethiopians themselves believe that the Queen of Sheba, who visited Israel's King Solomon in the Bible (c 950 BC), came from Ethiopia (not Yemen, as others believe). Here she is meeting Solomon in a stain-glassed window in Addis Ababa's Holy Trinity Church. 🇪🇹


References to the Queen of Sheba are everywhere in Ethiopia. The national airline's frequent flier miles are even called "ShebaMiles". 🇪🇹
@franciscodeasis https://t.co/OuQaBRFPu7
Unfortunately the "This work includes the identification of viral sequences in bat samples, and has resulted in the isolation of three bat SARS-related coronaviruses that are now used as reagents to test therapeutics and vaccines." were BEFORE the


chimeric infectious clone grants were there.https://t.co/DAArwFkz6v is in 2017, Rs4231.
https://t.co/UgXygDjYbW is in 2016, RsSHC014 and RsWIV16.
https://t.co/krO69CsJ94 is in 2013, RsWIV1. notice that this is before the beginning of the project

starting in 2016. Also remember that they told about only 3 isolates/live viruses. RsSHC014 is a live infectious clone that is just as alive as those other "Isolates".

P.D. somehow is able to use funds that he have yet recieved yet, and send results and sequences from late 2019 back in time into 2015,2013 and 2016!

https://t.co/4wC7k1Lh54 Ref 3: Why ALL your pangolin samples were PCR negative? to avoid deep sequencing and accidentally reveal Paguma Larvata and Oryctolagus Cuniculus?